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For direct air capture, the headline cost is never just a cost. It carries an energy price, plant lifetime, sorbent lifetime, heat source, financing assumption and usually a storage assumption too.…
Pre combustion capture reads tidy on a flow sheet because the CO2 stream is concentrated. The hard part, at least in public arguments, is the upstream gas boundary. The papers I would put next to…
I keep seeing solvent papers quote a clean reboiler duty number, then project notes talk as if that is the whole capture penalty. Rochelle is still a useful starting point for the amine basics:…
Biology gives wonderful selectivity, but the boring reactor details decide whether a CO2 route is more than a nice pathway diagram. For enzymes and synthetic pathways, I would start with Schwander et…
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is beautiful, but it is also where false positives can sneak in quietly. I would like this thread to collect practical checks that catch bad signals early. The older…
A lot of CO2 to methanol and CO2 to fuel writing starts with the catalyst. I am not sure that is where the public claim should start. The hydrogen source usually decides the carbon result before the…
Opening a focused GDE thread because the lab to pilot jump still feels like the most useful place for hard won experience. Burdyny and Smith made the case for commercial condition testing early…
Ocean CDR has enormous physical capacity and a much harder trust problem. The chemistry can be clear while the accounting stays messy. For the broad landscape, Lee et al. is a strong recent review:…
Mineral storage has the nicest end state: carbonate solids are easy to understand. The difficult part is getting there without pretending crushing, heat, water and transport are free. Matter et al.…
Geological storage has a much stronger evidence base than most carbon removal debates make it sound, but "permanent" still needs to be translated into monitoring evidence people can inspect. Sleipner…
Building materials are one of the few utilization cases where the carbon can end up mineralized for a long time. The catch is that the climate value may come as much from cement savings as from CO2…
Chemicals are probably the most plausible high value use of CO2, but the market size question keeps pulling the climate claim back down to earth. Katelhon et al. is a useful starting point for…
CO2 derived fuels are easy to like because they fit existing machines. They are also easy to overclaim because the carbon comes back out when the fuel is burned. Ueckerdt et al. is a good reality…
The technology may work, but the policy decides whether anyone pays for real storage, who carries liability, and whether the same tonne gets counted twice. Honegger et al. is a useful starting point…
With CCU, the same process can look useful or useless depending on the functional unit and reference system. That is not a footnote; it is often the whole result. The two von der Assen papers are…
Cost arguments get messy fast because people mix captured CO2, avoided CO2, first of a kind plants, nth of a kind plants, transport, storage and financing into one tidy dollar figure. Rubin's…