Storage

How and where captured CO2 is put away for the long term: geological formations, the ocean, and mineral carbonation.

Inject CO2 into deep porous rock and trap it there

CO2 → deep saline formation or depleted field

TRL 8–9 — commercial

React CO2 with rock to make a solid carbonate

CO2 + (Mg,Ca)-silicate → (Mg,Ca)CO3 + SiO2

TRL 5–8 — lab to commercial

Use the ocean's enormous carbon capacity deliberately

CO2 → dissolution / alkalinity enhancement → dissolved inorganic carbon

TRL 1–4 — research to lab